Nitrox explained: basics and benefits
Nitrox is one of the most common enriched air gas mixes used in scuba diving. This guide explains what nitrox is, why divers use it, and when it makes sense.
- Nitrox contains more oxygen than air.
- It can reduce nitrogen absorption.
- It requires proper training and planning.
What is nitrox?
Nitrox, also known as Enriched Air Nitrox (EAN), is a breathing gas that contains a higher percentage of oxygen and a lower percentage of nitrogen compared to normal air.
While air contains approximately 21% oxygen, common nitrox mixes range between 22% and 40% oxygen.
Why divers use nitrox
The main benefit of nitrox is reduced nitrogen absorption during a dive. This can result in longer no-decompression limits and shorter surface intervals.
- Longer bottom time on repetitive dives
- Less nitrogen buildup
- Often increased comfort after diving
Common nitrox mixes
Nitrox mixes are usually identified by their oxygen percentage.
- EAN32: One of the most popular mixes for recreational diving
- EAN36: Used for shallower dives with extended no-deco limits
Limitations and risks
Higher oxygen content also means stricter depth limits. Exceeding the Maximum Operating Depth (MOD) increases the risk of oxygen toxicity.
- Nitrox is not suitable for all depths
- MOD must always be respected
- Gas analysis is mandatory before the dive
Basic nitrox checklist
- ✅ Analyze the gas
- ✅ Confirm oxygen percentage
- ✅ Calculate MOD
- ✅ Set dive computer correctly
- ✅ Label the cylinder
FAQ
Do I need special training to dive nitrox?
Yes. A nitrox certification teaches proper analysis, planning, and safety procedures.
Does nitrox make dives safer?
When used correctly and within limits, nitrox can reduce nitrogen-related stress, but it introduces oxygen exposure considerations.
Is nitrox only for advanced divers?
No. Many recreational divers use nitrox after completing basic nitrox training.
Dive computers and nitrox analyzers help ensure correct nitrox use and safe planning.
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